Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies blows its top explosively
during an eruption, killing upwards of 92,000, and propelling
thousands of tons of aerosols (Sulfide gas compounds) into the upper
atmosphere (stratosphere). The high level gases reflect sunlight, and
cause the widespread cooling (known as a volcanic winter) and heavy
rains of 1816, snows in June and July in the northern hemisphere,
widespread crop failures, and subsequently famine, which is why 1816
is later known as the Year Without a Summer.
June 18
Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Waterloo: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of
Wellington, and Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher decisively defeat Napoleon.